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Minute to small (1.3-4.5 mm), slender-bodied,
yellow to black flies, usually with narrow long wings (rarely
brachypterous or apterous) and short, slender legs. Arista pubescent
to pectinate, ocelli and ocellar setae present, postverticals small,
convergent (rarely absent), 1-3 reclinate orbitals, usually preceded
by 1-2 setulae, vibrissa present. Thorax without anepimeral (pteropleural) setulae, fore femur
with ctenidial spine (secondarily absent in several genera). Wing
unicolourous or with dark spots, C usually with only subcostal
break, Sc fused with R1 and forming a
preapical kink on it. Tibiae without dorsopreapical setae. Male
genitalia characterised by a folding apparatus between the aedeagal
complex and hypandrium, phallapodeme with a robust ventral fulcrum
connected with the hypandrium, and distiphallus bifid, composed of a
membraneous saccus and a sclerotised filum. Adults are mainly
associated with humid habitats, particularly with damp meadows,
marshes, bogs and damp deciduous or mixed forests with rich
undergrowth. Larvae are phytosaprophagous and/or partly phytophagous,
usually feeding between the leaf sheaths of the tillers of grasses,
sedges and other Cyperaceae, Typhaceae or Juncaceae and preferring
plants damaged by other phytophagous insects. Several species are
known to mine in dicotyledons and two species of Fungomyza
Roháček, 1999 develop in the sporocarps of fungi.
Altogether 31 species are known from Europe and
the adjacent island areas (Roháček
2006,
2007,
2009); 19 are listed in the present checklist: 19 in the Czech
Republic (19 in Bohemia, 17 in Moravia), and 18 in Slovakia. Since
the ECV1, the number of species has
not been changed. The family is well studied in both
the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Palaearctic taxa have recently
been monographed by Roháček (2006,
2009),
who provided keys for their identification and also summarised all
the available faunistic data from the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
The nomenclature used here also follows part 2 of this monograph (Roháček
2009).
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